English
Hujayra kulturalariko'pincha hujayra madaniyati jarayonida ishlatiladigan hujayra sarf materiallarining bir turi. Hujayralarni o'stirishda turli xil ifloslanishlar ko'pincha tajriba uchun turli muammolarni keltirib chiqaradi va tajriba jarayoniga to'sqinlik qiladi. Xo'sh, bu ifloslanishlar bilan qanday kurashish mumkin?
Hujayralarning ifloslanishi odatda noto'g'ri aseptik texnika, idish va reagentlarning to'liq sterilizatsiya qilinmaganligi, qo'l yoki asboblarning idishning teshigi ustida o'tishi natijasida yuzaga keladi. Hujayralar ifloslanganidan keyin ularning ko'pchiligini tiklash qiyin. Hujayra kontaminatsiyasining umumiy turlari va davolash usullari quyida keltirilgan:
1. Bakterial ifloslanish: oddiy teskari mikroskop ostida bakteriyalar qora mayda qumga o'xshaydi. Infektsiyalangan bakteriyalarga qarab, ular turli shakllarga ega bo'lishi mumkin. Madaniyat muhiti odatda loyqa va sariq rangga aylanadi, bu hujayra o'sishiga sezilarli ta'sir qiladi. Hujayralarning aksariyati 24 soat ichida o'ladi. Tetratsiklin, gentamitsin va boshqalar kabi o'simlik muhitiga mos keladigan antibiotiklar qo'shilishi mumkin. Agar hujayralar ayniqsa qimmatli bo'lmasa, ularni tashlab yuborish tavsiya etiladi.
2. Mog'orning ifloslanishi: hujayra madaniyati kolbasidagi madaniyat muhiti aniq bo'lgani uchun, mog'orning ifloslanishini erta aniqlash juda qiyin va u aniqlanganda juda kech bo'ladi. Hujayralar mog'or bilan ifloslanganidan keyin uni saqlash qiyin. Amfoterisin B yoki Nistatin yordam bermaydi. Kontaminatsiyalangan hujayralarni qat'iy ravishda tashlash va atrof-muhitni yaxshilab dezinfeksiya qilish tavsiya etiladi.
3. Qora saqich qurtlari ifloslanishi: qora saqich qurtlari nano-darajali bakteriyalar, past kattalashtirishda qora nuqta va yuqori kattalashtirishda qora hasharotlar suzayotganini ko'rish mumkin. Madaniyat muhiti loy emas va odatda unga juda ta'sir qilmaydi. Ammo agar u juda ko'p bo'lsa, u hujayra o'sishiga va eksperimental natijalarga ham ta'sir qiladi. Hujayraning omon qolish darajasini hujayra urug'lanish zichligini oshirish orqali yaxshilash mumkin.
4. Mikoplazmaning ifloslanishi: teskari mikroskop ostida mikoplazma ko'rinmaydi. Kontaminatsiyaning dastlabki bosqichida madaniy muhit loyqa emas. Mikoplazmaning ifloslanishidan so'ng, u barcha hujayra o'sish parametrlariga ta'sir qilishi mumkin. Agar bunday ifloslanish aniqlansa, hujayralarni tashlab, tajribani takrorlash tavsiya etiladi.
Yuqoridagilar hujayra kulturalari uchun bir nechta umumiy ifloslanish va davolash usullari. Hujayralarning ifloslanishining oldini olish asosiy e'tibor bo'lishi kerak va madaniyat xonasi, idishlar va madaniyat suyuqligi dezinfektsiyalanishi va sterilizatsiya qilinishi kerak. Ishlayotganda aseptik ishlash ko'rsatmalariga qat'iy rioya qiling.
The FAI climbed 5.9 percent year-on-year in the first 11 months of 2018, quickening from the 5.7-percent growth in Jan-Oct, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said Friday in an online statement.
The key indicator of investment, dubbed a major growth driver, hit the bottom in August and has since started to rebound steadily.
In the face of emerging economic challenges home and abroad, China has stepped up efforts to stabilize investment, in particular rolling out measures to motivate private investors and channel funds into infrastructure.
Friday's data showed private investment, accounting for more than 60 percent of the total FAI, expanded by a brisk 8.7 percent.
NBS spokesperson Mao Shengyong said funds into weak economic links registered rapid increases as investment in environmental protection and agriculture jumped 42 percent and 12.5 percent respectively, much faster than the average.
In breakdown, investment in high-tech and equipment manufacturing remained vigorous with 16.1-percent and 11.6-percent increases respectively in the first 11 months. Infrastructure investment gained 3.7 percent, staying flat. Investment in property development rose 9.7 percent, also unchanged.